Novel
Time Loop
Tag Area: Timeline Model
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TV Episode
Judgment Night
- by Rod Serling, directed by John Brahm
- (CBS-TV, USA, 4 December 1959)
Carl Lanser finds himself on a transatlantic voyage of the cargo liner S.S. Queen of Glasgow, in 1942, not knowing much about himself or how he got there, but knowing volumes about submarine warfare. —Michael Main
There’d be no wolf packs converging on a single ship, Major Devereaux. The principle of the submarine pack is based on the convoy attack.
Feature Film
Wyprawa profesora Tarantogi
- by Stanisław Lem
- in Noc księżycowa (Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1963) [Published as a TV script (“widowisko telewizyjne”) 19 years before the 1964 Polish TV broadcast.]
Oh, tensor! Oh, turbulent perturbation! Some time before Professor Tarantoga invented a time machine and met a schizophrenic man from the fourth millennium, he apparently invented a transporter that took him and his new assistant Chybek to a series of progressively more advanced civilizations, the last of which included a barefaced cook who had an embarrasing accident in the cosmic kitchen, resulting in mankind (and indirectly resulting in time travel for the professor and Chybek). —Michael Main
I znów mi się przypaliło—jedno spiralne ramie, od spodu, na trzysta parseków—i znowu wybiegła mi słonecznica, i ścięło się, i będzie zgęstek, i powstanie białko, przeklęte białko! I znowu będzie ewolucja, i ludzkość, i cywilizacja, i będę się musiał tłumaczyć, usprawiedliwiać, składać we dwoje, przepraszać, że to niechcący, że przez przypadek . . . Ale to wy, nie ja!translate
And I got burned again—one spiral arm, underneath, three hundred parsecs—and again a sunflower came out of me and it was choked and there will be a bundle of white, cursed protein! And there will be evolution again, and humanity and civilization, and I will have to justify, justify, put together, apologize that it’s accidentally, that by accident . . .
Short Film
Second Chance
- by Richard Matheson, directed by Dan Curtis
- (NBC-TV, USA, 29 March 1977)
For the first of three short segments of the TV movie Dead of Night, Richard Matheson wrote this adaptation of Jack Finney’s 1956 story “Second Chance” where a college student lovingly restores a 1920s-era Jordan Playboy roadster and takes it back in time. —Michael Main
I remember what someone once said; I think it was Einstein or somebody like that. He compared time to a winding river, with all of us in a boat drifting along between two high banks. And we can’t see the future beyond the next curve or the past beyond the curves in back of us, but it’s all still there, as real as the moment around us. To which I now add my own theory . . . that you can’t drive into the past in a modern car because there were no modern cars back then, and you can’t drive into 1926 along a four-lane superhighway, but my car and I—the way I felt about it anyway—were literally rejected that night by our own time.
TV Episode
We’ll Always Have Paris
- by Deborah Dean Davis and Hannah Louise Shearer, directed by Robert Becker
- Star Trek: The Next Generation, s01e24 (Paramount Domestic Television, USA, 2 May 1988) [syndicated]
Temporal distortions, such as time loops and mixed times, are rippling outward from an isolated planetoid where Dr. Manheim and Jenice Manheim, an old flame of Picard’s, built their time/gravity research lab. —Michael Main
Sensors show nothing, sir, But it appears a moment in time repeated itself exactly, for everyone.
Short Film
12:01 PM
- by Stephen Tolkin and Jonathan Heap, directed by Jonathan Heap
- (Showtime, USA, 19 August 1990)
Kurtwood Smith portrays Myron Castleman’s noon hour over and over in this first movie adaptation of Richard Lupoff’s short story. —Michael Main
You see, it’s like . . . it’s like we’re stuck. You know, like a . . . like a needle on a scratched record. It all starts at 12:01, and everything goes along fine until one o’clock and then Bam! the whole world snaps back to 12:01 again.
Feature Film
Groundhog Day
- by Danny Rubin and Harold Ramis, directed by Harold Ramis
- (premiered at an unknown movie theater, Los Angeles, 4 February 1993)
In the quintessential time loop movie, jaded weatherman Phil Connors (no relation to John Connor) is in Puxtahawny to cover the Groundhog Day goings-on, continually repeating the day and—after losing his jaded edge—striving for Rita’s heart. —Michael Main
So this will be the last time we do Groundhog together.
TV Episode
Gift of the Travi
- by Daniel Paige and Sue Paige, directed by Jeff McCracken
- (ABC-TV, USA, 24 July 1998)
When Genie gives each of the kids a Christmas wish, Mickey wishes for a white Christmas in LA, and Travis wishes that it would be Christmas every day. Yeah, like that ever works out. —Michael Main
I wish every day was Christmas.
Novel
Life after Life
- by Kate Atkinson
- (Doubleday, March 2013)
In one instantiation of her life, Ursula Todd dies just moments after her birth in 1910. Fortunately (for the sake of the novel), time seems to be cyclic, so she and the rest of the world get many chances at life. At times, she partially recalls her other lives, resulting in many consequences to history and her personal development. —Michael Main
So much hot air rising above the tables in the Café Heck or the Osteria Bavaria, like smoke from the ovens. It was difficult to believe from this perspective that Hitler was going to lay waste to the world in a few years’ time.
“Time isn’t circular,” she said to Dr. Kellet. “It’s like a palimpsest.”
“Oh, dear,” he said. “That sounds very vexing.”
“And memories are sometimes in the future.”
Feature Film
Premature
- by Dan Beers and Mathew Harawitz, directed by Dan Beers
- (South by Southwest Film Festival, Austin, Texas, 7 March 2014)
On the day of his college interview, things don’t go so well for Glenbrook High School senior Rob Crabbe, but right at the climax of the day (so to speak), he finds himself waking up again and again to relive the day, leading to a kind of oversexed Ferris Bueller meets Groundhog Day. —Michael Main
No, I’m not okay. I’m stuck in the same day, and it’s a fucking hell that you can’t even fathom, and it just keeps happening. I wake up, life kicks the shit out of me, and then I have an orgasm, and then I live the same day all over again.
Novelette
The Map of Tiny Perfect Things
- by Lev Grossman
- in Summer Days and Summer Nights: Twelve Love Stories, edited by Stephanie Perkins (St. Martin’s Griffin, May 2016)
This novelette version of Mark and Margaret living August 4th over and over preceded the Amazon movie by about three years, but the charm of both teens and their growth through the repeating day was evident even in this original version. If you read the standalone Kindle version of the story, you’ll be rewarded with an epilogue where Gooseman talks about the path he took from the novelette to his first screenplay that became the movie, which we awarded a Gold Eloi Medal. —Michael Main
“Look, I don’t know how to put this exactly,” I said, “but would you happen to be trapped in a temporal anomaly? Like right now? Like there’s something wrong with time?”
Feature Film
ARQ
- written and directed by Tony Elliott
- (Toronto International Film Festival, 9 September 2016)
Ren (and eventually Hannah) are stuck in a time loop, fighting the Bloc—a group of violent men who at first don’t seem interested in the time-looping machine (aka the ARQ). —Michael Main
I already tried that.
Feature Film
Doctor Strange
- by Jon Spaihts, Scott Derrickson, and C. Robert Cargill, directed by Scott Derrickson
- (premiered at an unknown movie theater, Hong Kong, 13 October 2016)
After his career is destroyed, a brilliant but arrogant surgeon gets a new lease on life when a sorcerer takes him under her wing and trains him to defend the world against evil. —from publicity material
Dormammu, I’ve come to bargain.
Nonfiction Book
Paradoxes of Time Travel
- by Ryan Wasserman
- (Oxford University Press, 2018)
Ryan Wasserman’s philosophical book is one of two books* that need to live on your nonfiction shelf. One by one and with complete reference to the past literature, he presents all the major paradoxes of time travel along with different models of time travel and arguments against time travel even being possible. Just get it and read it cover-to-cover. As a bonus, Professor Wasserman, who is on the Philosophy faculty at Western Washington State University, will cheerfully have discussions about time travel issues via e-mail with those of us up in the nearby ITTDB Citadel.
* The other, of course, is Paul J. Nahin’s Time Machines: Time Travel in Physics, Metaphysics and Science Fiction, Second Edition. —Michael Main
* The other, of course, is Paul J. Nahin’s Time Machines: Time Travel in Physics, Metaphysics and Science Fiction, Second Edition. —Michael Main
Each of the foregoing cases involves a self-defeating act—an act such that, if it were performed, it wold not be. Self-defeating acts are obviously impossible, since the performance of such an act would imply a contradiction. Yet time travel seems to make such acts possible. This suggests the following line of argument against backward time travel:
(P1) If backward time travel were possible, it would be possible to perform a self-defeating act.
(P2) It is impossible to perform a self-defeating act.
(C) Backward time travel is impossible.
Feature Film
The Fare
- by Brinna Kelly, directed by D. C. Hamilton
- (Other Worlds Austin SciFi Film Festival, 9 December 2018)
Taxi driver Harris and his fare, Penny, are trapped in a time loop, repeating the first few minutes of their ride on desolate night roads. —Michael Main
Harris: Wait, wait, don’t tell me. Literature, art: History of DC comics with a focus on the Jack Kirby Years.
Penny: Is that a real thing?
H: It was a blow-off course seniors could take at my high school.
P: Wait—I thought Kirby worked for Marvel.
Novelette
Now Wait for This Week
- by Alice Sola Kim
- in The Cut, 17 January 2019 [e-zine] [The January 2022 online publication in The Cut is a preview story from A People’s Future of the United States: Speculative Fiction from 25 Extraordinary Writers, edited by Victor LaValle and John Joseph Adams (One World, February 2019) [print · e-book].]
On the surface, the story seems to be about white, rich, cute Bonnie who knows she’s is living in a time loop in the week of her birthday and exploring it in a surprising variety of ways, but all this is on top of the story about Bonnie’s unknowing roommate, who through her narration of each iteration relates to us her life as a sexual assault survivor. —Michael Main
They told me that she showed up at their house yesterday, completely frazzled, telling a wild tale about a week that was repeating over and over again.
Novel
Opposite of Always
- by Justin A. Reynolds
- (Katherine Tegen Books, March 2019) [print · e-book]
When high school senior Jack Ellison King’s first girlfriend Kate dies from complications of sickle cell anemia, Jack is thrown back to the moment they first met—all of which happens again and again. —Michael Main
I know this game. I’ve seen this game. State goes on a frantic late run and wins with an off-balance three at the buzzer.
Feature Film
Love on Repeat
- by John Burd, directed by Peter Foldy
- (TF1, France, 21 August 2019)
A light take on a woman repeatedly trying to fix her work life and her love life. —Michael Main
If the universe is giving me a chance to relive the same day over and over, then maybe it’s just giving me a chance to get it right.
Poem
Unlooping
- by Marie Vibbert
- Asimov’s Science Fiction January/February 2020
My life, a black vinyl record
Feature Film
Boss Level
- by Chris Bore et al., directed by Joe Carnaham
- (premiere, ArcLight Cinemas, Hollywood, California, 11 February 2020) [Original cut, now available primarily outside the US.]
After visiting his estranged wife, Jemma, at her top secret lab, retired special forces agent and ne’er-do-well Roy Pulver finds himself endlessly repeating the next day, which always starts with the same assassin in his apartment and always ends with Roy dead, even as he learns more and more about Jemma, their son Joe, Jemma’s work, and how to kill endless assassins.translate
It’s like being stuck in a video game in a level you know you can’t beat. —from the Hulu varient
Short Story
Feature Film
The Map of Tiny Perfect Things
- by Lev Grossman, directed by Ian Samuels
- (Netflix, USA, 12 February 2021)
Mark is living an endlessly time-looping day of skipping summer school to, um, let’s call it “requisition” a front loader, do little acts of kindness around town, and annoy his younger sister when he’s unexpectedly interrupted by Margaret who’s careening her way through the same day while nobody else around them realizes what’s going on.
<spoiler!>One reviewer suggested that the story would have been better told from Margaret’s point of view. Certainly she has an interesting story of her own—one of loss so intense that it stops her world and kidnaps Mark. And yet, for me, Mark’s story is both compelling and well told, and I’m glad the author told his story. He is sensitive and lost and looking for his way in an upended world. He’s not particularly aware of how others feel, but maybe he’s getting there, and somehow Margaret grounds him and provides room to grow to the point where he can offer unconditional friendship to her (and to others) exactly when it’s needed. Is that a corny, uplifting story about tiny, perfect hypercubes that were meant to be? Yes, enjoyably so. I also enjoyed the nods to other popular-culture time travel escapades, though not so much the handwaving attempt at grounding things in science with Mark’s algebra teacher.</spoiler!> Sorry. Sometimes I feel a compulsion to drop into critic mode myself. —Michael Main
<spoiler!>One reviewer suggested that the story would have been better told from Margaret’s point of view. Certainly she has an interesting story of her own—one of loss so intense that it stops her world and kidnaps Mark. And yet, for me, Mark’s story is both compelling and well told, and I’m glad the author told his story. He is sensitive and lost and looking for his way in an upended world. He’s not particularly aware of how others feel, but maybe he’s getting there, and somehow Margaret grounds him and provides room to grow to the point where he can offer unconditional friendship to her (and to others) exactly when it’s needed. Is that a corny, uplifting story about tiny, perfect hypercubes that were meant to be? Yes, enjoyably so. I also enjoyed the nods to other popular-culture time travel escapades, though not so much the handwaving attempt at grounding things in science with Mark’s algebra teacher.</spoiler!> Sorry. Sometimes I feel a compulsion to drop into critic mode myself. —Michael Main
Hi, uh, I’m Mark. I just had a quick question. . . . I was wondering—this is gonna sound really strange, God, really bizaare, but—are you experiencing any kind of temporal anomaly . . . in your life?
TV Episode
Loki, Season 1
- by Michael Waldron et al, directed by Kate Herron
- (Disney+, 9 June 2021 to 14 July 2021) [6 episodes]
Hang on to your Tesseracts! Apparently, in Endgame, when the Avengers traveled back in time to swipe various things from the 2012 Avengers, they inadvertantly started a branch in time where Loki ended up with the Tesseract. Of course, once that occurred, the Time Variance Authority spotted him as a Variant and quickly recruited him to help in their fight against even more variant Variants. —Michael Main
Appears to be a standard sequence violation. Branches growing at a stable rate and slope. Variant identified.
Novel
The Rehearsals
- by Annette Christie
- (Little Brown, July 2021) [print · e-book]
The universe decides that Megan Givens and Tom Prescott—a pair of immature, judgmental thirty-somethings—deserve to repeat the disastrous day before their wedding until they figure out a thing or two about themselves. —Michael Main
All he could think was that this day was repeating. But that didn’t make any sense. The idea was so absurd,he nearly leaned over the water hazard to splash his face, wake himself up.
TV Episode
The Bear Mask
- by Noah Schechter, directed by Matthew McLoota
- (NBC-TV, USA, 6 May 2022)
Under severe stress, Agent Aram Mojtabai decides to try psychedelic therapy. Not realizing that he’s tripping, he finds himself repeating a violent time loop. —Tandy Ringoringo
Aram: You know, when I first heard about psychedelic therapy, I imagined something a bit more—
Dr. Idigbe: —tie-dye and trance music?
Flash Fiction
Ad Nauseam
- by Josh Warriner
- Daily Science Fiction, 24 June 2022 [webzine]
Was this the fourth, or the fifth time around?
Novel
The Lilies
- by Quinn Diacon-Furtado
- (HarperTeen, April 2024)
Four Archwell Academy seniors, each with their own buried secrets, find themselves in a sinister time loop after the mysterious disappearance of a classmate. As they relive their darkest memories during a lockdown at their elite all-girls school, they uncover chilling clues that could unravel the dark truth behind the prestigious Lilies Society. Can they work together to escape the loop and protect their futures before their secrets are exposed? —from Raegan Revord’s Book Club
But as the clock hands turn, memory erodes the mind. Her secrets are best buried in a loop that turns to dust, where the present turns to past and past remains unjust.